Power installation.



W. MORRISON.

POWER INSTALLATION.

KPPLIOATION FILED FEB. 3, 1908. Patented Nov. 12,1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W, MORRISON. POWER INSTALLATION.

1,044,409; i i W Patented Nov. 12,1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i: "A A a "mum! 52 5 iYUZf/Yff)? K EfeZ Zzoha v/Zarrrdozq W. MORRISON.

POWER INSTALLATION.

APPLICATION FILED 21:13.3, 190a.

Patented Nov/12,1912.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W. MORRISON.

POWER INSTALLATION.

APPLIOATION FILED mm. s, 1908.

Patented Nov. 12, 1912,

UNITED sTAtrEs PATENT orr on.

-WILLIAM MORRISOhT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

rowan INSTALLATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 12, 1912.

Application filed February 3, 1908. Serial No. 414,025.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM Monnrsoinacitizen of the United States, residing at Chicage, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Power Installations, of which the following is a specification.

My inventionrelates to improvements in power installation and moreparticularly to power installation wherein the prime mover istaninternal combustion engine and the power transmitting connection betweensaid prime mover and an object to be driven includes a dynamo-electricmachine, or dynamotor. operating as a magnetic clutch.

The general object of my invention is to provide a power installation,especially adapted for use in propelling motor vehicles, inwhich theinternal combustion engine cooperates with such an electric equipmentthat energy developed in the engine may be converted into electricenergy and conserved in suitable storage batteries and thereafterutilized to start the engine or drive the load, and whereby anelectro-magnetic power transmission may be interposed between the asermine and the drivin wheels.

A more particular object of my invention is to provide an arrangementwhereby the dynamotor may constitute a very efiicient clutch and wherebythe speed of the vehicle may be gradually varied by varyingtheassociation and inter-relation of the electrical devices, withoutproducing unpleasant jars and jerks, which are common to the use ofmechanical speed changing devices,-such as variable gearing.

A further object of my invention is to provide an electricalinstallation wherein the use of rheostats or intrinsic resistances maybe dispensed with, and at the same time to provide a convenient andpractical arrangement for starting the internal. combustionengine,'andenabling variations in relative speed between theload-driving mechanism and the prime mover to be effected through theelectrical instriunentalities.

, wherein (Figure 1 is an elevation of the chassis of an automobilehaving a hood broken away 'and showing 'parts of-the dynamo-electricmachine and nternal combustion engine; Fig. 2 is a central verticalsection of the 0 dynamo-electric machine on line IIII of Fig. 3; Fig. 3isa transverse section of the same on line III-III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 isafragmentary enlargement of part of the field, armature, and commutatorof .the dy 5 namo-ele'ctric machine. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section ofa cylinder whereby electric communication withlthe coils of a rotatingfield magnet is commutated; Fig. 6 is an end view of the same; Fig. 7 isaflat development of a controller cylinder; Figs.

8, 9, 10, and 11- are diagrammatic and sche-. matic representations ofthe electric circuits and parts in the various positions in which theyare placed in the severalsteps which may be taken in controlling thespeed of the vehicle. a

In general my invention contemplates the association with an automobileor other ma- .chine,-the movement of the driving wheels 0 having insuitable connection therewith a dynamo-electric machine, which in turnhas suitably connected therewith a set of storage batteries. Thedynamo-electric machine-cr dynamotor, as I shall hereafter term itisadapted for operation either as a generator or as a motor, and has bothof its elements revoluble, one such elementhaving mechanical connectionwith the rotative parts of the gas engine, and the other said elementconstituting a load-moving part,

having rotative connection witlrthe automobile driving wheels. Thestorage battery, in general, has appropriate connection with thedynamotcr; to supply current, thereto to operate the machine as a motor,or to receive currenttherefrom when the machine is operating as agenerator. Such a general arrangement I do notclaim as-new, but in theembodiment o" this idea heretofore it has been customary to control theresistance relationship between the various electrical parts to securedesired electrical conditions by including or eliminating different dmmotor windings or batteries, or by theT These of rheostats as intrinsicresistances. undesirable features of such systems my presentinventiondispenses w1th,- by provision of a new and highly eflicientarr-angement of the dynamotor field and the batteriesQ l -In thepractice of" my present invention 1 provide in the field winding of thedynamotOI',-,\VhI-Ch 'is preferably shunt wound,a number of distinctcoils, connected with controller device by which the several coils,though constantly included in the field circuit, ,may' be arrangedtherein in-various electrical relationships, varying from a se riesrelatiom'through one. nwhich the coils are divided into two equalparallel groups,

and- 'so 011, to a relationship providing any predetermined number ofequal parallel branches, whichI will for convenience term the maximumnumber of parallels, thereby giving-the field circuit a widely variantrange of resistance while maintaining it constantlyfsubject to the fullpotential "difference between the armature terminals. The

storage batteries are also arranged in conjunction with'acontroller sothat they,s im ila'rly, may be lncluded lIl'iL battery circuit indifferent relationships from a series relation to a relation providing anumber of groups connected in parallel, thereby widely .to

vary the E. M. F- of the-battery circuit; and

' the controllingparts for the battery connections and the field windingconnections are associated to constitute together a {control- 3 linginstrumentality for effecting coincidentally corresponding changes inthe relation existing between. the several field coils and the relationexisting. between the battery groups. I have found that by sucharrangement, permitting decrease in the resistance of the. shunt fieldcircuit, within the field itself, while the field is'subject to the-fullpotential between the armature terminals, I am enabled to produce apower-transmitting dynamotor, which will transmit rotation from aprimemover to a load shaft .with a minimum slippage 'or difference of R.M. between the two dynamotor elements, and am able to use a very smalldynamotor for the necessary work, Further byv cmnmutatin'g the batteriescorrespondingly v with the commutationof thefield coils, in

starting the prime'mover, I canthrow the battery current into thearmature without inter-posing any intrinsic resistance, or resistance assuch, andyet develop p'owerandspeed in the dynamotor suflicienteasily tostart 'the prime mover. 1

Referring now to the 'specific construc tion shown in the drawings, 15'indicates the frame of an automobile upon which are mounted the elementsof my power installation,'comp rising generally a gas engine '16, adynamotor17,a series of storage batteries, 18, and a controllingmechanism 19, all of which will be more fully described. The gas engine16 constituting the prime mover is illustrated as an ordinary typecompris-.

'inga suitable number of vertical cylinders ,lfi 16', a radiator 16 afan-16 driving shaft 16 and spark controller 16. The v dynamotor 17comprises afield and an armature, one'rotatable with the engine shaftand the other, constituting a load moving part, rotatable with-atransmission shaft havlng no physlcalconnection w th the en- .gineshaft, but suitably connected with the driving wheels of the vehicle.Specifically the dynamotor consists ofan external armature 21 connectedto a spider 22 by bolts 23, the spider beingconnected by key, 25 to atransmission shaft 24, which has connections, as through a tumble shaftand other common connections, with the driving wheels the vehicle. A 11internal field magnet 26, having four pole pieces 27,,28, '29,' and 301s sccured'to a sleeve 31 as by means of a key '32, the sleeve 31surrounding and rotating upon the forward extremity 'of the armatureshaft 24, and being con-- neeted for rotation by a coupling 33 and key16 to the engine shaft 16 Thus in general I provide a dynamotor,comprising a field and air-armature co-aXiall-y rotatable, one

such element being connected to the engine or prime mover tobedriven'ther'eby or to drive the same, and the other element beingadapted to drive a load;

, Electrically the dynamotor 17 has its arn'iature constructed as usual,but the field "winding is made up of a number of coils or divisionscapable of..being grouped in differ ent electrical relationships in thefield cir cuit from a series arrangement to a multi-' ple arrangement ofa' number of equal branches, and. the field winding a whole constantlyconnected whether its divi= sionsiare in' series or in parallel relationto -each otherin-a field circuit which is in shunt -to the armature.Specifically in the construction shown, the. field wlndmg'is composed oftwelve physically distinct divisions or coils. For simplicity the wiringdiagrams show the SIX coils with two opposite pole pieces 27, 29, only,numbered 35,35, 36, 36 and 3-7., 37,, said coils being preferablyso-wound that two coils 36 and 36' are each of a resistance which I mayterm the unit of field resistance, two other- 'coils as 37, 37 areeachjof twice such unit resistance, and the remaining coils-35, and 35are each ofthree such units resistance. Thus when all the "six coils are(1) grouped in" seriesv their joint resistance is twelve units, but theyare capable of being grouped two parallel groups of six units resistanceeach; in three parallel groups of four units resistance each or intyfour parallel groups of three units resistance each, thereby widely tovary the total resistance of the field circuit although all the coilsare constantly maintained therein. To enable the grouping 'of the fielddivisions in such varying relationship they must have connections to theexterior of the dynamo-electric machine pair of such rings beingprovided for the' two ends of each of the field winding seccapable ofbeing manipulated, as by the controller 19,.in a manner to be described,and.

ber twice that of the separate field-windings.-

For simplicity twelve rings are' shown, marked with numerals 41 to 52inclusive, a

tions, or, as shown, for the six windings of the pole-pieces 27 29. Onthese rings bear stationaryconducting brushes indicated by numerals 41t0 52. K The armature 21 may be of any suitable construction, its rings55, inthe construction shown, havin wound thereon a series.

of conducting coils 56, the termina s 57 whereof are connected to aseries of commu- '60 are respectively connected to the eXt er-' tatorsections, 58, supported in an insulating structure 59 secured to thearmature frame by side plates'64 and bolted together as at 66, thecommutator having bearing thereon internal brushes 60, 60 mounted inbrush holders 61, 61 connected to the field magnet frame'26, andinsulated therefrom as shown by insulation 62. The brushes 60,

Qnal leads 126, 141, etc., by two-insulated slip-rings 53, 54 withbrushes (Fig. 5), on

thesleeve '31. l

As the field winding is separable into'divisions for connection in thefield circuit in -difi'erent relations to vary the resistance of thefield circuit, so the storage battery is divisible into groups of cellsadapted for 1 connection in the battery circuit in varying relationsfrom series to multiple relation of a-number of branches, to vary thepotential which they impress upon the battery circuit.

. The general scheme of division of the i storage batteries in theircircuit should preferably correspond with the divisions which may beeffected with respect to the field q coils, and therefore, I providestorage cells in number a multiple of twelve, specifically indicated bynumerals 7 2 to 95 and permanently connect such cells together as toform six groups of batteries, two end groups 72 to 77 and 90 to being of81X batteries each two intermediate groups, 78, 79, and 88,89

being of two batteries each; and two middle groups 80 to-83 and 84 to 87being of four batteries each. The twelve terminals of thesebatterygroup's and the twelve brushes 41, etc., field windingconnections are connected to the controller 19 for control thereby tovary simultaneously and correspondingly the relation of the'field coilsin the field circuit andthe battery groups in the battery circuit.

The specific construction of the controll'enforms no part of my presentinvention, and may be varied as desired, but for convenience ofillustration I show the controller 10 as consisting of two' drums 102,102 connected together for simultaneous uni-direction rotation by gears100, 100 and 101 and manually rotatable by handwheels 110, 110'.- Thecylinders '102 and 102 are shown as duplicates whereof the parts areindicated by like numerals of reference respectively without and withthe exponent prime each cylinder providing' in-insulated relation uponits surface a plurality of conducting rings lndicated by referencenumerals 103 to 109, each divided into a greater or less number ofsegments positions of the cylinders shown in Figs. 8, i

9, 19, and 11. The brushes 112123 for the battery controlling drum 102are connected by wires 129- 140 respectively to the terminals of theseveral battery groups heretofore described, while the brushes of theother drum are connected by wires 129'140 to the brushes 41-52 formingthe stationary terminals of the field coils. Generally speaking theseco-nnections of the controller segments are such that connection maybeefiected between the field winding terminals on the one hand and thebattery termi nals on the other hand, to simultaneously andcorrespondingly change the relation of the field windings and'thebatteries in their respective circuits for series connection, ormultiple connection of two or more branches.

The circuit connections are made from the armature terminal 60 by wires126 and 127, thence by wire 128 to the brush 112 for the end battery 72,the brush 123 for the opposite end battery 05 having connection throughwire 141 with the cppositetermi n'al 60 of the armature, the wires 128and 141 constituting part of what I will term the battery circuit. Fromthe point 127 a wire 128" connects with the end brush 112 of the fieldcoil connections, the opposite ter-. mine] of the field coil 'ser1cshaving connection by wire 141 with armature terminal 60, so that thewires 128 and 141 form the terminals of a shunt field circuit connecteddirectly across the armature terminals to re ceive the full potential ofthe armature. A switch 150 is arranged in the wire 126 for opening itsconnection with point 127 and closing connection with a wire 152 leadingback in the brush 60 of the armature, thereby to establish ashort-circuiting connection for said armature. An additional switch 151may be provided, if desired, in the field shunt wire 128 for opening thelatter.

The operation of the construction described is as follows: When theautomobile is out of use and at rest the drums 102,192 of controller 19,stand with their respective brushes all bearing upon the insulated Zone(shown in Fig. '7 between the zones 8 and 11-) and under such conditionsno operative circuit is completed. To start the system in operation,,the vehicle being at rest and its wheels being locked by the brakes,the controller drums are turned to bring the brushes along the. line11--.11 of each drum,

thereby to establish circuit connections as shown in Fig. 11- togroupthe storage cells into four of six cells each, in mid; tiplc,.in,thebattcry circuit and simultane- (ius'ly to connect the field coils infour divisions, of three units resistance each, in inultiple in thefield circuit Referring, spe-f citically to 11 the four groups of bat-'-tery cells consist respectively of cells 72 i0 77; 7s a, s3; 81 toso-and so to cairn of the groups having their uppermost terminalsconnected to wire 1 28 and their lower terminals connected to wire 14 1;while the lields. division consists respectively of section sections and37; sections '35 and 36 and section 37, all with their-111p, "permostterminals connected to wire 128.

and their lower terminals connected to wire 1 11. Now current, ofminimum potential obtainable through the storage battery ar rangeinent,begins to flow from the batteries through the armature by wires 129,128,126,

. 14-1; and the shunt fieldby wires 1% and prime mover 14.1 and startsthe dynamo in operation as a motor, the armature, connected to theloadmoving parts ultimately to be driven, rcmains at rest, while the field,connected to -the'p.rimemover to be started in operation,

commences to move and slowly starts the Under the COIidli-lODFtexpressed, the battery produces its minimum electro-motive forcc v andmay safely be placed in circuit with the armature without anyintervening rheostat or intrinsic resist- -ancc, and the field circuit,offering its minimum resistance as a whole, enables the bat-' tery toenergize the field to a-sutiicientmagnetic density to start the machine.Manitestly however, the motor at a low speed do velops acounterelcctroinolive force common surate with the low initialelectrouiotive force of the batteries thus grouped in theirmaximumnumber of-parallels; and to increase the motor speed, the initialE. M. F. must beincreased. To increase the speed of the dynainotor stepby step, therefore, the controller is moved througlrits successive stepsshown. respectively in FigsqlO, 9 and 8, the first such step groupingthe bat frequently reversed.

tery cells in-three divisions of eight cells each and the field coilsinto three d visions of tour unitseach; the next step co-1ncidentlygrouping the cells into-two divisions of twelve cells each and the fieldinto tWo divisions of six units each and the last step throwing all thecells into series relation-- and the field coils into series relation;so I that generally stated, to-speed up the" motor, the voltage of thebattery circuit is increased step by step and the resistance oftheIfleld circuit is commensurately increased. The maximum speedattained by the rotating field should be equal or close to the normalspeed of the gas-engine or prime mover,

which, the throttle having been gradually opened and having attained itsfull velocity,

begins to act as a driving rather than as a d1lV8Il elementand is incondition to carry its load. i

e now have the engine rotating nor mally and are'ready to start thevehicle. Up

to this time the storage battery has'been acting as a. source of energy,but obviously as soon the dynamo-electric machine begins operating asagenerator, the storage battery as a whole becomes a part of itselectric load current generated by the dynamo-generator being stored inthe storage batterv.' At the critical speed at which the rotatingelementflof the dynamo-electric ma-- chine moves when the gas engine hasattained fullspeed, the armature is in practir Y call aneutralcondition, its magnetic density is at. a minimum value, and its polesare To transmit ower. to he armature or load moving part, it isnecessary, therefore, to increase the torque between theiield and thearmature: This is to be done by increasing the total cuirent den sity inthe armature without necessity of substantial change in'the magneticdensity of the field. To accomplish this the potential of thebatterycircuitshould be reduced and theresistance of the field circuit loweredcorrespondingly,- thereby to increase the electrical; load upon thearmature of the machine,

which may now operateas a-generator havmg a C(lllSitlD't'l-y drivenrotatable field. To

attain. this end the controller is Worked.

backward ihrough the several steps, begin: ning with the condition shownin Fig. -8 and continuing through the conditions shown l11 l igs. S) and10 to"that shown i'ir'Fi 11.

By eacltstep the relation of the batteries in the batt rv circuit schanged to provide an increasing number of parallel groups of batterieswith a coinuiensurately decreasing number of batteries in each group,and correspondingly the field'coils are thrown into parallelrola'tions'of increasin number oit branches withv the resistance 0151110field as a whole comn'iensurately decreasing. With the first backwardstep described, establishing two parallel groups of batteries and twoparallel field coil branches in the respective stantially the same. As aresult the torque between-the moving or field element and the stationaryor armature element of the dynamotor is greatly enhanced, and the loadbegins to move. As soon as the.load moving parts begin to rotate and thearmature correspondingly is revolving, the difference 1n -speed betweenthe armature and field decreases, thereby causing a decrease ofelectromotive force and current density of the armature. Therefore, thearmature can not be made to revolve at the same rate as that at whichthe field magnet is moving. To

further increase the speed of the armature controller, furtherparalleling thebatterycells and the field coils. This operation iscontinued throughout the successive steps until the field coils are intheir maximum number of parallel branches and the batteriescorrespondingly connected in their maximum number of branches, therebyto minimize the resistance of the field circuit as a whole and theresistance of the battery circuit as a whole. Under these conditions avery slight difference in speed of rotation between the armature andfield suffices to generate current which will maintain the magneticdensities of the field and armature at such a value as to result in highmagnetic torque, but i'fa yet stiffer magnetic connection between theelements of the machine is desired thearmature may be short-circuitedthrough the switch l and the field energized solely from the batterycircuit, the poof the controller 19.

tential of which-may bevaried by operation The batteries are, therefore,useful in several particulars, primarily as a means for starting andsupply-. ing power to start the engine by causing the dynamotor tooperate as an' electric motor until the normal speed ofthe engine has ibeen attained;-also instantly to bring the field magnet up to thedesired degree of magnetic saturation after each step in the process ofcontrol is made, and before the magnetic change can be realized in thearmature, as there must, of course, be some relative movement of thearmature and field magnets at the changed rate of velocity beas a meansfor driving the load, and under no condition need the battery or anypart thereof be disconnected from the circuit save when the whole systemis out of operation; nor need any part of the field coils be out of thecircuit; nor need any rheostat or inthe field and battery constitutes anageney for varying the'slipping or difference in speed between thearmature as a load mov ing part and the field connected directly withthe prime mover, so that the speed of the vehicle may be nicelycontrolled by varying the electrical connections thereby to vary theslip or difference in speed, either to supplement changes of speedoccasioned by engine'regulation or in lieu of such speed regulationthrough the engine. It will be further obvious that after the engine isin operation and the dynamotor begins to operate as a generator, thefield-magnet coils are energized by current flowing from the armaturedue to the electromotive-force resulting from the difference in speed ofthe I two elements of the dynamotor, and that the resistance of thefield windings-always receiving the full potential of the armatureisdecreased substantially proportionally to the difierencein speed of thetwo dynamotor-elements to such a low resistance that the speeddifference may be very small and yet be suflicient to generate thenecessary electromotiveforce. It will also be apparent that the systemwould operate substantially as has been described without the use of thebatteries with the exception that the engine would have to be startedmanually or otherwise; the system would not be so immediately responsiveto the operation of the controller,.and the armature'could not beabsolutelyfshort circuited unless the field were independently excited.

WVhile I have herein. described a single embodiment of my invention andshown the same in a convenienttlform in most particulars,'it will beevident that considerable departure may be made from the precisearrangement and construction shown without departure from the spirit ofthe invention within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a system of the character described, the combination of a primemover, anymmotor comprising co-axially rotatable field and armatureelements, one connected for rotation with the prime mover and the otheradapted to drive a load, said field element comprising only windingsconnected in shunt across the armature terminals, a storage batterycomprising a plurality of cells connected directly across the armatureterminals, and means for co-in'cidently and correspondingly varying thefield resistance and the battery potential, while maintaincuitsandtsubject to the full ing thewhole field and battery in-thei-r cir'potential across the armature terminals.

' g 2. In a system of the character described,

- elements, namely, an armature'and a field,

' of 'said'elements directly. connected tothe prime mover and theotherelement adapted a prime mover, a dynamotor comprising two magnetrevoluble about the same axis, one

toldrive aload, s aidfield' magnet windings being composed of aplurality of coils ar ranged for connection in parallel or series, astorage battery comprising aplurality of" cells, arranged for connectionin parallel or series, and means for changing-the parallel and seriesrelation of-the battery cells and coincident-1y changing the paralleland series relation of'the coils to-.Yary -the'torque between the saiddynaniotor elements 3. In a system'of the character described," a primemover, a dynamotor, co-axially-revoluble field and armature elements,one of the said; elements directly connected to the j prime mover andthe other element adapted to' drive a. load, the windings of said fieldmagnet comprising a plurality of coils'inthe field circuit adapted forconnection: in series or parallel relation, a storage battery comprisinga plurality of cells adapted for' connection in series or parallelrelationin a battery circuit, said field and battery circuits beingconnected with the armature ter-.

minais, and acommutat-ing' device'to' coin cidently vary the-connectionsof the battery cellsand field coils int their respective circuits fromvseries to v parallel for varying 40:

the torque between said dynamotor elements. 4. In a system ofthecharacter described,

. thecombination of a prime mover, a dynamotor having an armature and afield magnet revoluble about thesame axis, one ele-- ment the'reof'con'nected; to the engine and the other adapted to drive a load, andthe field magnet windings comprising a phirality of coils, a pluralityof batterycells,

a circuit normally including-said cells in a. ma x1mum number ofparallel groups and, sa d coils in a maximum number of par allels, and acontroller adapted when turned 1n one direction gradually to" change thesaid cells and said coils to series relation -with respect tothemselves' to' start the'en- .f gine, and whenfturnedin the oppositedirec tion to change their relation back to parallel to vary the'torquebetween said dynamotor elements) 5. Ina system-otthe characterdescribed,

the combination ofa prime mover, a dynan ent connected to the engine andthe other. arranged todrive .a load, a plurality of batmotorhaving anarmature and afield magnet revoluble about. the same aXis,-onc ele- Ithebatteries and of the coils to vary the tery cells in a battery circuitfor inclusion in parallel or'series, and a plurality-0f field magnetcoils in afield circuit for inclusion in parallel or series, acontroller arranged to simultaneously' control said relation ofpotential of thebattery circuit and the resistance of said field circuitto establish different electromagnetic relations between said armatureand field magnet and a means for varyingthe speed of the prime mover tovary the speedofihe' load-driving element'while maintaining constantthetheretofore established electromagnetic relation of thearmature andfield magnet. I

6. In a system ofthe character described,

the combination of a 'prime 'mover, a dy'na ,r'no'tor comprising'coaxially revoluble armatuie and field elements, one connected to theprime movei 'and the other adapted to drive a load, a plurality of fieldcoils connected with the arn'iature terminals, a plurality of batterycells likewise connected with the armature terminals, and'controllingmeans -for coin cidently commutating the field-coils and the batterycells, movable to-produce a series of relations between the batterycells and the field coils tending to increase the speed of the dynamo asa, motor; and further 'mo'vablc to prod'uce'isucli relations the dynamoas a clutch. v

-7. In asystem of, the character described, 'a' prime mover, a dynamotorcomprising two elements; an armatureand, a field-magnet, thelatterhaving a plurality of coils, said elements revoluble about thesame axis, one of said elements directly connected to" the -in inverseorder to increase the efliciencyof prime mover, and'the other elementadapted to drive a load,'astorage battery comprising. aplurality ofcells, means for varying the resistance of the field by varying the=relation of the coils and coincidently varying 'th eiE. M. F. of thebattery by varying the- ,relationof the cells, and means for (llSCOllrnectingthe 'armat'ureffrom the battery and short-circuiting saidarmature.

8'. Ina system' of the characterdescribed,

the-combinationof' a' prime mover,'a dynamotor" having two adjacentwound rotors, one directly connected with. the primemover and tlie-otheradapted to be connected to the lcadpone ofsaid rotors having a number of.coils for grouping in various'series and parallel -r.elations,; astorage battery having a number of-cells for grouping in various scricsand parallel relat ons, and..means iiir simultaneously varying thegroupings of the several cells and coils to coiirdinate the E. M. F. ofthe battery and the resistance. of the coils hile maintaining said coilsand' cells in their circuits and subject to the'potcntial' across theterminals of the other rotor.

9. In a system ofthe character described,

the combination of a prime mover, a dyna-.

mote-1:, having two adjaccntwound rotors, one directly connected wlththe prime mover allel relations, a storage battery having a seriesandparallel relations, and means for number of cells for grouping invarious simultaneously varying the groupings of the several cells andcoils to coordinate the E. M. F. of the battery and the resistance ofthe coils whereby the magnetic density of the field produced by saidcoils is--maintained substantially unchanged, while maintaining saidcoils and cells in their circuits and subject to the potential acrossthe terminals of the other rotor. v

10. In a system of the character described a prime moye-r, a dynamotorhaving a ro-- tary armature and a rotary field magnet, one of suchelements being directly connected with the prime mover and the otherconstitutin g a load-driving element, the field magnet having aplurality of coils for inclusion in circuit in shunt to the armature, astorage battery also connected inshunt to saidarmatureand having aplurality of cells, and means for simultaneously varyin g the groupingof the coils and cells to coordinate the E. M. F. of the battery and theresistance of the coils whereby the magnetic density of the fieldproduced by. said coils is maintained substantially unchanged.

11. In'a system of the character described, the combination of a primemover, a dynamotor comprising an armature and a fieldmagnet bothrotating in the same direction, one cqglnected to the prime mover andthe other connected to the'load,'a storage-battery, said storage batteryand said fieldmagn et being connected in shunt to the terminals of thearmature, and means for simultaneously decreasing the voltage of thebattery as a whole and decreasing the resistance of the field as aWhole, whereby the speed of the load-driving shaft is increased.-

12. In a system of the character described,

the combination of a prime mover, a dynamotor comprising an armature anda fieldmagnet having a plurality of coils, both armature andfield-magnet rotating in the same direction, one connected to the primemover and the other connected to the load, a

storage battery having a plurality of cells,

said storage battery and said field being connected in shunt to theterminals of the armature, means forsimultaneouslyvarying the groupingof the coils and cells to correspondingly decrease the voltage off thebattery and the resistance of the field whereby the speed of theload-driving shaft is increased.

1 3. In a system of thecharacter described,

the combination of a prime mover, a dynamotor comprising an armature anda field-- magnet, both rotating in the same direction, one connected tothe prime mover and the otherconnected to the load, a storage battery,said storage battery and said field being connected in shunt to theterminals of the armature, means for simultaneously decreasingthevoltage of the battery as a whole and decreasing the resistance ofthe field as a whole, whereby the speed of the load-driving shaft isincreased, and means for varying'the speed of the prime mover wherebythe speed'of the load-driving shaft may be varied While maintainingpractically constant the theretofore establishedelectromagnetic relationof the armature and the fieldmagnet. .i

14. In a system of the character described, the combination of a primemover, a dynamotor comprising an armature and a fieldmagnet having aplurality of coils, both armature and field-magnet rotating in the samedirection, one connected to the prime mover and the other connected tothe load, a storage battery having a plurality of cells, said storagebattery and said field being con nected in shunt to the terminals of thearmature, means-for simultaneously varying the grouping of the coils andcells to corre spondingly decrease the voltage of the"

